What is NE and 5-HT?
Abstract. Activation of dopaminergic (DA) systems is a necessary component of the behavior effects of d-amphetamine, but other neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) appear to modulate DA input; thus, they might have an important role in the stimulus (subjective) effects of this drug.
What is serotonin hypothesis?
The “serotonin hypothesis” of clinical depression is almost 50 years old. At its simplest, the hypothesis proposes that diminished activity of serotonin pathways plays a causal role in the pathophysiology of depression.
What is the meaning of monoamine hypothesis?
The monoamine hypothesis of depression predicts that the underlying pathophysiologic basis of depression is a depletion in the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and/or dopamine in the central nervous system.
How do 5-HT receptors work?
5-HT 1A receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors that exert their effects through Gi/Go proteins inhibiting adenylyl cyclase as well as other second messenger cascades. They mediate both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.
What do monoamine agonists do?
A monoaminergic, or monoaminergic drug, is a chemical which functions to directly modulate the serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and/or histamine neurotransmitter systems in the brain.
What do 5-HT receptors do?
5-HT receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, or serotonin receptors, are a group of G protein-coupled receptor and ligand-gated ion channels found in the central and peripheral nervous systems. They mediate both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.
How many 5-HT receptors are there?
There are 15 known types of serotonin receptors (also known as 5-HT receptors, after the chemical name for serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine). These 15 types can be grouped into 3 major families according to their mode of operation.
Are 5-HT receptors a primary or initiating factor?
An alte rnative hypothesis postulates that alte ra tions of 5-HT receptors repre sent a primary or initiating factor, as opposed to th e compe nsatory response. This would imply that an increase in net serotonin transm ission mediat es depressive symptoms du e to excessive serotonin at th e synapse as well as an amplification of the
What does 5-HT stand for?
include th e role of serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT). Through its wide spread distribution within the neural axis, serotonin is though t to: “playa key role in
What is the role of 5-HT in depression?
5-HTitself, influence the mood of depressed individuals (20,2 1,22). In fact, one reviewer suggests that “the most pervasive evide nce for th e role of 5-HT in mood disorders is the effect oflowering brain5-HT concentration in depressed patien ts and
Does peripheral metabolism affect 5-HT levels in depressed brains?
This wor k is based on th e premise that a reduction in available tryptophan , possibly because ofexcessive peripheral metabolism , may underlie th e reduction in 5-HT measured in the brains ofsome depressed patients (1,13).